Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes recurring seizures. Seizures occur due to abnormal electrical discharges in the brain that arise from disruptions in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity. Epilepsy may be caused by genetic factors, abnormal development, illness, injury, stroke, or brain tumors. However, approximately half of all epilepsy cases have no identifiable cause. Focal epilepsy is characterized by seizures originating from one area of the brain, such as the frontal lobe or medial temporal lobe (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2025). Approximately 2.8 million adults (1.1%) in the United States had active epilepsy in 2021 (Kobau et al., 2023). Approximately 60% of these patients have focal epilepsy (NINDS, 2025).